Causes of Distress and Deterioration in Concrete – OL14 (5PDH)

Quiz Answers:

1. T
2. T
3. T
4. 1 – Cold Joint
5. T
6. 1 – Alkali-slice Reaction
7. 1 – Exposore to Aggressive Water
8. 1 – Light and Medium Scaling
9. T
10. T
11. T
12. T
13. T

100% correct answers: verified 07 Feb 2022

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1.	A visual inspection of the exposed concrete is the first step in an on-site examination of a structure. The purpose of such an examination is to locate and define areas of distress or deterioration. It is important that the conditions observed be described in unambiguous terms that can later be understood by others who have not inspected the concrete. Terms typically used during a visual inspection are listed by category in Table 2-1.
	⊗	True
		False
2.	Typical construction faults that may be found during a visual inspection include bug holes, evidence of cold joints, exposed reinforcing steel, honeycombing, irregular surfaces caused by improperly aligned forms, and a wide variety of surface blemishes and irregularities. These faults are typically the result of poor workmanship or the failure to follow accepted good practice.
	⊗	True
		False
3.	Cracks that occur in concrete may be described in a variety of ways. Some of the more common ways are in terms of surface appearance, depth of cracking, width of cracking, current state of activity, physical state of concrete when cracking occurred, and structural nature of the crack.
	⊗	True
		False
4.	Figure 2-3 shows and example of:
	⊗	Cold joint
		Pattern cracking
5.	Figure 2-5 shows cracking caused by restrained volume changes.
	⊗	True
		False
6.	the cracking figure 2-6 has been caused by:
	⊗	Alkali-slice reaction
		Transportation overload
7.	The disintegration of concrete in figure 2-12 has been caused by:
	⊗	Exposure to aggressive water
		Alkali reaction
8.	Figures 2-16, and 2-17 shows:
	⊗	Light and medium Scaling
		Sulfate attack
9.	Figures 2-22 and 2-23 show deterioration and loss of joint sealant.
	⊗	True
		False
10.	Corrosion of reinforcing steel may open cracks that allow moisture greater access to the interior of the concrete.
	⊗	True
		False
11.	The following list could be the causes of Distress and Deterioration of Concrete Accidental Loadings Chemical Reactions Acid attack Aggressive-water attack Alkali-carbonate rock reaction Alkali-silica reaction Miscellaneous chemical attack Sulfate attack Construction Errors Corrosion of Embedded Metals Design Errors Inadequate structural design Poor design details Erosion Abrasion Cavitations Freezing and Thawing Settlement and Movement Shrinkage Plastic Drying Temperature Changes Internally generated Externally generated Fire Weathering
	⊗	True
		False
12.	Accidental loading such as the impact of a barge against a lock wall or an earthquake can generate stresses higher than the strength of the concrete, resulting in localized or general failure.
	⊗	True
		False
13.	Accidental loadings by their very nature cannot be prevented. Minimizing the effects of some occurrences by following proper design procedures (an example is the design for earthquakes) or by proper attention to detailing (wall armor in areas of likely impact) will reduce the impacts of accidental loadings.
	⊗	True
		False